Prometheus check cardinality. You can use the following PromQL query to check the cardinality based on various attributes: topk (10, count by (job) ( {job=~". At the end, they all get loaded on the Prometheus instance itself, this is why we need to extract the metrics list directly on the Jun 14, 2023 · Prometheus and High Cardinality. 04 LTS as I do. Sep 27, 2022 · Check existing cardinality in a Prometheus server. High cardinality is using labels with a large range of possible values, such as ip, or combining many labels, even if they have a small and finite set of values, such as using status_code and action. Labels are supported for all metric types. Jan 27, 2024 · High cardinality can significantly impact Prometheus's query performance. io Nov 13, 2023 · High cardinality in Prometheus can lead to many issues, from sluggish performance to complete system unresponsiveness. A hypothetical example to showcase high metric cardinality. To put it simply: Cardinality is the overall count of values for one label. There are a number of options you can set in your scrape configuration block. If you are calculating an average of counters you can exclude 0 values, for instance. yml) is crucial for defining how Prometheus should scrape metrics. Prometheus Scaling Options. Cardinality refers to the number of unique sets of labels for a given metric in a time series database like Prometheus. Endpoints that require authentication must be called with the X-Scope-OrgID HTTP request header specified to the tenant ID. You can find some of the relevant implementation here [0][1]. Use the same query on the Prometheus instance sending the metrics but that requires first identifying the Prometheus server that could be sending too many metrics. Jul 25, 2024 · Grafana is a popular platform for visualizing Prometheus metrics. 0. 0 the tsdb tool was included in Prometheus releases, in future releases it'll be part of promtool. e. See full list on last9. Oct 20, 2022 · Below are three key steps to controlling metrics cardinality and costs: 1. Because I use Prometheus Operator, my rules are coming from various places and format, mostly ServiceMonitors but not only. To set up a Prometheus data source in Grafana: Go to Configuration > Data Sources; Click "Add data source" Select Prometheus; Enter your Prometheus server URL; Click "Save & Test" To create a dashboard displaying label values: Create a new dashboard; Add a new panel Jul 6, 2020 · So I don't think that prometheus is the tool you want. To quickly check whether a rule file is syntactically correct without starting a Prometheus server, you can use Prometheus's promtool command-line utility tool: promtool check rules /path/to/example. 13. If you disable multi-tenancy, Grafana Mimir doesn’t require any request to include the X-Scope-OrgID header. It seems that your memory issue is due to your usage of Prometheus. Count and sum of observations. Nov 14, 2022 · As the investigation progressed, we found that the Prometheus plugin collects metrics with some expensive function calls because it stores many high cardinality metrics in Nginx's shared memory. It takes time to properly vet your labels (check on prometheusRules, dashboards, etc), but the exercise is worthwhile. During this webinar, you will learn: Best practices to manage cardinality explosion with Grafana. Check out my Pr For a deeper dive into the factors driving the need to scale Prometheus, check out our article on Monitoring Microservices the Right Way. Next, click Add Destination to open a New Destination modal that provides the options below. ) Need help with Prometheus performance issues? Contact us. Prometheus stores the scrape target address in the instance label - see these docs. There are high cardinality labels. How to drop unused labels and metrics in a cloud native environment. Amazon Managed Grafana manages the configuration of the authentication credentials that are required to access Amazon Managed Service for Prometheus. Recording rules are a powerful tool for Prometheus metrics, however, they can start to break down with large scale, high cardinality metrics. As per robust perception blog, Aug 28, 2024 · The reason of huge number of entries is because it contains high cardinality labels like network_peer_port. Nov 8, 2023 · This article explores the concept of downsampling in Prometheus, the use of recording rules, the role of tools like Thanos, and other approaches to managing data efficiently. Feb 15, 2022 · Cardinality spike: Basic diagram of cardinality in Prometheus. Actual behavior. The Cardinality Challenge in Prometheus. check: Check the resources for validity. Active time series. The cardinality dashboard works on my own mimir(I have the data source connect agent running in my Kubernetes cluster so cloud can connect to my OSS mimir securely) and it’s able to show the cardinality on it. May 27, 2024 · Metrics have inherent limitations when dealing with high cardinality data as most metrics-based monitoring systems are simply not designed to handle the vast number of unique time series generated by high cardinality metrics. However, in Prometheus, a metric technically means a group of [time] series. When a query matches a large number of time series, Prometheus must evaluate each time series individually, which can take a long time. Nov 19, 2023 · Additionally, Prometheus offers a cardinality() function that returns the approximate cardinality of a given label. Therefore when the Prometheus service performed its periodic pull for the metrics, it triggered high overhead in Nginx and affected the real request Jul 23, 2024 · To learn more about the CRDs introduced by the Prometheus Operator have a look at the design page. Prometheus can handle up to 100K metrics, but 100KK is unsustainable. Mar 3, 2023 · Protecting Prometheus from cardinality explosions. * namespace allows package publishing by all authors. x, with many performance improvements. Sep 18, 2018 · There’s a good chance that your cardinality explosion is the result of a code deploy that began stuffing high-cardinality² data into one or more series labels. The count aggregation operator works similarly. In 2. Expected behavior. Provide details and share your research! But avoid …. In this article we’ll look at both identifying Prometheus integrates with remote storage systems in three ways: Prometheus can write samples that it ingests to a remote URL in a standardized format. Apr 1, 2022 · Keeping your Prometheus optimized can be a tedious task over time, but it’s essential in order to maintain the stability of it and also to keep the cardinality under control. 38. Contrib. If you know what you're doing you can easily store stuff like this in Prometheus. It really fuels me up: pq - parse and query files with PromQL-like syntax. Dec 1, 2022 · 2. Prometheus can read (back) sample data from a remote URL in a standardized format. 💎 Getting Started With Ruby on Rails in 2024 - The Complete Development Environment Guide Aug 7, 2024 · You can check out SigNoz GitHub repo here: FAQs How do Prometheus and InfluxDB handle high cardinality data? Prometheus can struggle with high cardinality data due to its label-based model. You can import it using ID 11304 on Grafana. The binary + and - operators between two native histograms and the sum and avg aggregation operators to aggregate native histograms are fully You can find the source code for this video in my GitHub Repo. Jun 17, 2024 · Azure Monitor managed service for Prometheus is a component of Azure Monitor Metrics, providing more flexibility in the types of metric data that you can collect and analyze with Azure Monitor. InfluxDB generally handles high cardinality better, but both systems require careful management of tags and labels to avoid performance issues. test: Unit testing. tsdb: Run tsdb commands. . Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Instructions have been updated accordingly. +"})) When you run this query, Prometheus will display the current cardinality on the server segmented by the label job. Prometheus repo on GitHub Apr 29, 2022 · The issue I see here is that the cardinality analysis functionality is merely a flag under check metrics, not a full sub-command 1. A the end of the day, it's all about total cardinality. Nov 29, 2023 · What is Cardinality? Cardinality is a term used in mathematics, particularly in set theory, to denote the number of elements in a set. New in v2. Jul 24, 2024 · Reducing the cardinality of time series data; How to Group Labels in Prometheus Queries. Instead The kinds of things that this caution statement is about is for metrics that have O(millions) of cardinality. , many different values), it can lead to a large number of time series being created in the Prometheus database. Apr 25, 2023 · If you are a OSS Prometheus user looking to delegate your Prometheus metrics ingestion and management, you’ll benefit from huge cost savings. To tackle this, identify which metrics have the highest cardinality and re-evaluate their necessity. promql: PromQL formatting and editing. For example, Prometheus recommends keeping the cardinality of the majority of your metrics below 10, and only have a May 19, 2024 · The Prometheus configuration file (prometheus. Additional Prometheus agent supports only pull-based data collection (e. Aug 7, 2018 · @benjaminhuo all Prometheus pods created by the Prometheus Operator belong to a Prometheus StatefulSet. Prometheus is an open-source monitoring and alerting system commonly used for collecting and analyzing time series data. Suppose you have a microservices-based application with the following characteristics: From the resulting page’s tiles or the Destinations left nav, select Prometheus. Prometheus should be used to give an overview of the behaviour of your application, instead a report about your data. Considering Prometheus’s architecture: Higher cardinality leads to increased server resource utilization and slower PromQL query responses. Reduce metric cardinality and costs – all within the fully managed Grafana Cloud platform. Jul 30, 2024 · What is label cardinality and why is it important? Label cardinality refers to the number of unique label value combinations for a given metric. Durations are relative to now(). 2 ingesting from a single target with 100k unique time series: Use Amazon Managed Service for Prometheus alerting – Alerting systems external to Amazon Managed Service for Prometheus may require additional queries to add resiliency or high availability, as the external service queries the metrics from multiple availability zones or regions. Oct 27, 2023 · It is highly recommended to validate alert rules before they are applied to Prometheus. Jul 9, 2020 · You could reduce the number of data points being aggregated on by discarding those you already know you're not going to be interested in. Here's the basic syntax: Mar 1, 2023 · Prometheus custom metrics. Challenges when using custom metrics Cardinality explosion Jan 31, 2021 · The Prometheus operator offers a simple method to scrape metrics from any Pod. Jul 24, 2021 · Since a series is defined by the label value(s), one needs to be careful with labels that might have high cardinality. It's important to balance the need for detailed metrics with the potential impact on system resources. To store and visualize Telegraf metrics, use our Push metrics from Influx First of all, check the library support for histograms and summaries. +"}) > 50 I get the error: vector contains metrics with the same labelset after applying rule labels. High cardinality can lead to performance issues and increased storage requirements. It is good to have these cardinality related data in the form of metrics so that we can take advantage of PromQL but anyway after your suggestion we have found below two useful plugins which helped us to access Prometheus TSDB REST endpoint and showing data on dashboard. service" How this shou You might find now and again that one or more of your Prometheus scrape targets begins to expose some manner of super high-cardinality data as metric labels. Use a relative duration or absolute time. Sep 23, 2017 · Now suppose that the app, which exports the metric, runs on 50 hosts (or Kubernetes pods). How to Manage High Cardinality Metrics in Prometheus: Understanding high cardinality Prometheus metrics and proven ways to manage In this video, I go through some of the biggest pitfalls you can run into when you're new to Prometheus, and I also explain how to avoid them. As we mentioned, every exporter that we include in our Prometheus integration will account for several custom metrics. yml if you do, and it came with promtool, which it should have. systemd. Here is the extract of the relevant options from Prometheus documentation: Nov 8, 2018 · Prometheus provides /api/v1/status/tsdb endpoint, which exposes metric names with the highest number of labels inside seriesCountByMetricName stats. Resources. Mar 18, 2024 · If your Kubernetes cluster facilitates a very large number of requests to services, the gains you will see from reducing cardinality will be significant. Prometheus relabeling must be managed carefully to prevent high cardinality, which can occur if too many unique label combinations are generated, potentially impacting performance. 9. In accordance with prometheus/prometheus#13095 and prometheus/alertmanager#3486, Mimir is adding support for UTF-8. Prometheus Query Language (PromQL) offers powerful tools for label grouping. Mar 7, 2023 · promtool check config prometheus. The following endpoint returns various cardinality statistics about the Prometheus TSDB: GET /api/v1/status/tsdb URL query parameters: - limit=<number>: Limit the number of returned items to a given number for each set of statistics. Prometheus exposes the information about high cardinality time series at /status. and why high cardinality will overload your system, and is Mar 3, 2021 · At Coveo, we use Prometheus 2 for collecting all of our monitoring metrics. 1. However in many cases the Pod itself is not what you are monitoring; but the Pod is used to expose metrics that relate… In the Amazon Managed Grafana console, you can add an Amazon Managed Service for Prometheus workspace as a data source by discovering your existing Amazon Managed Service for Prometheus accounts. Prometheus metrics are supported by analysis tool like Azure Monitor Metrics Explorer with PromQL and open source tools such as PromQL and Grafana. (Since this post was made, the tsdb repo was merged into the prometheus repo. However, the prometheus-net. Sysdig’s managed service for Prometheus can help you reduce operation costs by taking care of metrics maintenance, scalability, storage, performance, and issue resolution. org. Dec 30, 2021 · Thank you. For example, -1h or 2019-08-28T22:00:00Z. One issue I am having difficulty with is balancing cardinality. Fortunately, there are several ways to build a scalable Prometheus back-end architecture that keeps up with the growth of the application it monitors. g. When we cut down our high-cardinality labels from this: Apr 12, 2021 · First, if remote write is behind we should check if we’re already running the maximum number of shards using prometheus_remote_storage_shards and prometheus_remote_storage_shards_max. In the example above, the label status_code has a cardinality of 5, environment has a cardinality of 2, and the overall cardinality of the metric server_responses is 10. They only check for the existence of a vector element and don't change their behavior depending on the sample type of an element (float or histogram). query: Run query against a Prometheus server. This method is described below. Prometheus can receive samples from other Prometheus servers in a standardized format. – Nov 9, 2021 · In the remainder of the keynote, Rob shares how you can use Prometheus recording rules to aggregate metrics to reduce cardinality and improve query performance. So for example a label containing HTTP methods would have a cardinality of 2 if you had only GET and POST in your application. To start with I took a profile of a Prometheus 2. Get visibility into high cardinality metrics and valuable metrics. yml The promtool binary is part of the prometheus archive offered on the project's download page. Apr 26, 2023 · There is an excellent dashboard to find and understand the cardinality of Prometheus metrics, the Cardinality Explorer dashboard. In 2015, Prometheus took a giant leap by becoming an open-source project available to the world. From what I see, you have unbound cardinality in your queryid and short_query labels, therefore you seem to be tracking events rather than metrics. So when our pod was hitting its 30Gi memory limit, we decided to dive into it to understand how memory is allocated, and get to the root of the issu The cardinality calculation includes points that match the specified start time. Labels are used to identify and group metrics, but when labels have high cardinality (i. Histograms and summaries both sample observations, typically request durations or response sizes. When I view the kube_pod_status_phase metric in Prometheus, the metric value is always a 0 or 1, but it's not clear to me what 0 and 1 means. Deliver metric data to a Prometheus remote write endpoint Prometheus remote write | Vector documentation Docs Guides Components Download Blog Support Observability Pipelines Aug 19, 2018 · In the Prometheus documentation it warns not to label high cardinality metrics. Prometheus does offer some options for dealing with high cardinality problems. A handy tool that can be used to validate alert rules is “promtool”, which is included in the standard Prometheus package. This is too much for the current implementation of Prometheus. The Prometheus docs are conservative to avoid users doing crazy things and blaming the tool. Note: to avoid confusion between "official" prometheus-net and community maintained packages, the prometheus-net namespace is protected on nuget. It also exposes other useful stats, which may help determining the source of high cardinality: Nov 9, 2020 · Not sure how safe it is to increase or disable the maxUniqueTimeseries check completely. Environment. TSDB Stats. rules. Nov 15, 2022 · Thanks a lot for your reply. If you want to follow along, you need a Linux box. Newest team member of Prometheus Passionate about all things observability Prometheus v2. I tried with simplest: count by (problematic_label)(server_request_duration_ms_bucket) but for 12h or longer query range it take May 15, 2024 · What Are The Causes of High Cardinality? To understand how cloud-native environments can escalate cardinality, check out the simple illustration comparing traditional monolithic apps vs. The following code creates the counter above. One of the challenges that Prometheus faces, especially in larger deployments, is handling high cardinality metrics efficiently. Prometheus alerts are written in YAML. The most common cause for an unexpected break in monotonicity is when the client side application hits cardinality limits and drops data to relieve memory pressure. Javaagent or library instrumentation version. Let's start with Prometheus official documentation, it gives a good high-level explanation why: CAUTION: Remember that every unique combination of key-value label pairs represents a new time series, which can dramatically increase the amount of data stored. Latest time to include when calculating cardinality. 14. In Prometheus, we store two flows: Current job execution status information stored in Prometheus metrics (avoiding high cardinality items like job id or table) Metrics collected by the Grafana Agent and jmx exporter Nov 15, 2022 · High cardinality for Prometheus starts from a few millions of time series. For example, you may receive a rule Jul 25, 2024 · Cardinality in Prometheus- FAQs What is cardinality in Prometheus? Cardinality in Prometheus is the number of different time series identified by a set of metric and label. . Nov 6, 2023 · Cardinality refers to the uniqueness of data points within a dataset. Monitoring When we talk about cardinality we are referring to the combination of labels and values and the number of streams they create. JDK: 17 OS: linux. I've managed to dodge Prometheus my whole career (everywhere I've been managed to use SaaS offerings - or in one case, a really fun manually-push-to-graphite system - and someone else did the initial setup), and I'm playing around with it right now to kind of shore up my deficiency. Additionally, high cardinality can lead to increased memory usage, as Prometheus stores a sample for each time series in memory. Cardinality is how many unique values of something there are. What does the kube_pod_status_phase metric value represent?. push: Push to a Prometheus server. Jun 16, 2023 · This is realy two questions in one - I think they are related. Avoid using labels for dimensions with high cardinality. While I can view my top x metrics with high cardinality, to get an idea, I want to know the total number of metrics that prometheus is currently storing in tsdb. PromQL. Oct 10, 2023 · Step 3: Reduce metric cardinality: To reduce metric cardinality, you can use several mechanisms such as label filtering, aggregation, downsampling, request classification and prometheus federation. Some libraries support only one of the two types, or they support summaries only in a limited fashion (lacking quantile calculation). In the context of Prometheus monitoring, cardinality refers to the number of unique time series that are being monitored. Aug 18, 2024 · I want to check how cardinality of one label has changed over time. The terms time series , series , and metric are often used interchangeably. The primary method involves using the group() operator along with the by clause. Prometheus is awesome at handling "typical" high-cardinality behavior: Normal pod churn from Kubernetes; Elastic workloads scaling up and down to handle additional work Apr 3, 2023 · We are going to do the same thing for the metrics we use in our Prometheus rules. General Settings Output ID: Enter a unique name to identify this Prometheus output definition. This means that the total number of active time series collected from 50 hosts jumps to 50*1M=50M. Dynamic Admission Control. distributed microservices-based deployment in Kubernetes and see how cardinality explodes from 20 thousand unique metrics to 800 million! Use the cardinality management dashboards to understand how metrics and labels are distributed across the time series data sent to Grafana Cloud Metrics. This function uses a probabilistic algorithm to estimate the cardinality, providing a faster alternative to counting the distinct label values. The cardinality calculation excludes points that match the specified start time. Dec 2, 2022 · We have four flows of information which are seamlessly integrated with Prometheus and Loki by using labels in Grafana. Oct 19, 2020 · when trying to create an alert on high metric cardinality with the expression count by(__name__) ({__name__=~". How to proactively monitor for high cardinality through Grafana dashboards, reporting, and alerts. This number may be too big for a single Prometheus instance. Below is a basic configuration: Below is a basic configuration: global: scrape_interval: 15s scrape_configs: - job_name: 'web_application' static_configs: - targets: ['localhost:9090'] This is possible to do for OpenTelemetry data but not Prometheus, because OpenTelemetry includes more information that can be used to detect such situations. This time I'm also going to take into account the cost of cardinality in the head block. CAUTION: Remember that every unique combination of key-value label pairs represents a new time series, which can dramatically increase the amount of data stored. We should also be looking at prometheus_remote_storage_shards_desired to see if it’s value is greater than prometheus_remote_storage_shards_max . The actually useful Grafana Cloud Free plan. Why is high cardinality a problem? The disadvantage of high cardinality is that it raises the amount of memory and storage required and can cause query performance to decrease. Identifying the unnecessary metrics at source, deleting the existing unneeded metrics from your TSDB regularly will keep your Prometheus storage & performance intact. ; Intro¶. it can scrape Prometheus-compatible targets), while vmagent supports both pull and push data collection – it can accept data via many popular data ingestion protocols such as InfluxDB line protocol, Graphite protocol, OpenTSDB protocol, DataDog protocol, Prometheus protocol, CSV Authentication. The first step towards any optimization is gaining visibility into which metrics and labels are contributing to cardinality and identifying which metrics are valuable. Aug 7, 2023 · For those open source backends, there are other options available from the community. debug: Fetch debug information. Jan 28, 2024 · Cardinality below 10 is optimal, while exceeding 100 is a warning sign. This includes alerting in Grafana for high availability. Requires the --experimental flag. Hi, I'm trying to troubleshoot Prometheus high memory usage. As the expression works when using it directly in prometheus, I wonder if there is an actual way to use it in an alert? If you have 10,000 nodes, you will end up with roughly 100,000 timeseries for node_filesystem_avail, which is fine for Prometheus to handle. Seems you are looking for a BI tool instead, that analyses your data content. Parser enables you to parse and create Prometheus queries in C#. For example, Prometheus ships with a TSDB status page in the UI to help identify high cardinality metrics and labels, and Grafana Mimir provides endpoints that can identify labels with a high number of values. stop. Metric inconsistencies: Verify that your application is correctly incrementing or setting metric values. 0 releases cardinality stats in the UI! Useful queries: May 23, 2019 · What Prometheus doesn't like is high-cardinality labels. This blog post explores a simple solution to quickly validate Prometheus alert config changes. To prevent invalid Prometheus alerting and recording rules from causing failures in a deployed Prometheus instance, an admission webhook is provided to validate PrometheusRule resources upon initial creation or update. Jun 13, 2021 · If you find this useful, check out other my Prometheus drawing. Check the following post for a detailed guide on Prometheus metrics. Prometheus was born out of necessity, inspired by Google’s Borgmon monitoring system. Eliminate unused metrics via custom cardinality optimizations that adapt to your cloud native environment with the Adaptive Metrics feature. Jan 9, 2022 · Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! Please be sure to answer the question. Unfortunately, more metrics does not mean better business outcomes: Enterprises see no visible improvements to mean time to resolution (MTTR) when more than 50% of metrics go unused. Improve your schema To minimize cardinality in the future, design your schema for easy and performant querying. This was a pivotal moment in Prometheus’s Send or visualize InfluxDB metrics There are multiple ways to see your InfluxDB data in Grafana Cloud. unit-include="(foo|bar)\\. You can use a virtual box to create it locally or maybe somewhere in the clou Jul 31, 2024 · When working with Prometheus metrics endpoints, you may encounter these issues: Scrape failures: Check network connectivity and ensure your endpoint is accessible. The year 2016 saw Prometheus joining the prestigious CNCF as its second hosted project, right after Kubernetes. make simple monitoring for prometheus, just check prometheus As enterprises adopt Prometheus and Kubernetes, the rate of metrics growth has skyrocketed, and so have the costs associated with it. Mar 25, 2022 · I want to monitor particular services via node_exporter, without the need to point them in node_exporter service with --collector. May 6, 2019 · Prometheus 2. This causes a rapid and sustained inflation of unique series, and while Prometheus is great at handling stable high-cardinality data, cardinality explosions are… not that. To support UTF-8 in alerts, routes, silences, and inhibition rules, Alertmanager has added a new parser for matchers that has a number of backwards incompatible changes. Preferably you would use Ubuntu 22. We are using counters in this example, however the labelNames() and labelValues() methods are the same for other metric types. Dec 16, 2019 · Monitoring prometheus server for high cardinality of metrics and use recording rules to ease things out; Check for cardinality alert. For prometheus metrics, we should avoid high cardinality labels. Contribute to artemsre/prometheus-cardinality-exporter development by creating an account on GitHub. 10k metrics; 14-day metrics retention; 3 monthly active users Sep 2, 2019 · Prometheus performance almost always comes down to one thing: label cardinality. If you were to now add quota per user, you would quickly reach a double digit number of millions with 10,000 users on 10,000 nodes. Prometheus is known for being able to handle millions of time series with only a few resources. High cardinality: Review and optimize metrics with many unique label Jan 10, 2024 · If you are dealing with Prometheus Scalability Challenges, here are some other articles we have written that you might be interested in. To store and visualize InfluxDB metrics, use the influxdb_exporter for Prometheus and scrape the endpoint it creates, then send the data to be stored and visualized in Grafana Cloud. Do not use labels to store dimensions with high cardinality (many different label values), such as user IDs, email addresses, or other unbounded sets of values. x has a very different ingestion system to 1. And if the idea of querying files such as Nginx or Envoy access logs with PromQL-like syntax sounds interesting to you, please give the pq project a star on GitHub. And given that the stated point of check metrics is to "lint [metrics] for consistency and correctness", it might be a little confusing to offer a flag disabling the linting. To determine which specific tags are growing, check the cardinality again after 24 hours to see if one or more tags have grown significantly. eivzsfppxwiriplgtquppqoxauloziijonokdgvdaaoqqcnuxaqdsn